The Catholic Church’s Catechism informs us that temperance can be defined as a moral virtue that assists in moderating the allure of pleasures and supports us in balancing the utilisation of worldly goods. The Catechism further expands upon this by saying temperance serves as an assurance of the supremacy of the will over instincts, while ensuring desires remain within the parameters of propriety. Thus, a person practising temperance directs their sensory desires towards the pursuit of what is noble, maintains a healthy sense of judgement, refraining from submission to lower cravings, and exerting control over their desires.
The Italian interpretation of temperance suggests it involves practising moderation. It infers a call for wisdom in all situations, as individuals guided by mere impulses or extravagant behaviours are often deemed untrustworthy. Without temperance, individuals tend towards unreliability. In an era where many pride themselves on voicing their thoughts without pause, those who practice temperance tend to consider their words carefully before speaking.
A prudent approach is also demonstrated in their engagement with pleasures. Giving total reign to impulses and pleasures often results in eventual regret, as it can lead to a state of monotony. It isn’t unusual for individuals, who throw themselves at every new experience with fervour, to eventually find that they’ve lost their zest for anything. Therefore, a balanced approach is recommended. For instance, when it comes to appreciating a fine wine, it’s preferable to savour it in little sips rather than gulping it down in a single go, as we all inherently understand.
The individual who exercises self-restraint has the capability to measure their words thoughtfully and deliver them well-timed. They will not allow a fleeting moment of wrath to damage friendships and relationships which can subsequently be complex to mend. Specifically within familial setting, where we tend to disregard restrictions, there exists the potential of failing to control frustrations, any irate feelings and aggravations. An ideal balance and timing are paramount to when to talk and when to keep quiet. The self-restraint in a person isn’t necessarily indicative of a constantly serene and cheerful countenance. Indeed, an expression of righteous indignation at required times is sometimes necessary, provided it is done appropriately. The words to remember here are: proportionate measure and the appropriate manner. An admonishment at times can be more beneficial and healthier than an acidic, bitter silence.
The moderate individual understands that it can be difficult to correct another’s action, however, knows its importance, else, it would just be leaving a window of opportunity open for wickedness. In certain instances, the moderate individual is able to balance principles, maintaining absolute nature of values while demonstrating empathy and understanding towards others.
Hence, the virtue of the moderate individual lies in equilibrium; an attribute as valued as it is uncommon. In our society, we are often pushed to overindulgence, on contrary, a restrained approach resonates more with values of the Gospel such as humility, discretion, modesty, gentleness. A restrained individual acknowledges the value of respect from others, but doesn’t rely on this alone as a determinant for all their actions and utterances. They are emotional beings, unafraid to shed tears, but they do not indulge in self-pity. They can bounce back from defeat and in times of triumph, they remain humble and unaffected by applause, knowing the importance of depending on others.
In his address to a general gathering in Rome on April 17th, Pope Francis debunked the misconception that temperance leaves one devoid of colour and joy. He highlighted that, in actuality, it enhances one’s ability to fully appreciate the bounties of life. Fostering deeper connections at social gatherings, nurturing sincere friendships, cultivating wisdom through meaningful interactions and marvelling at the splendour of creation; these are the true liberties of life that temperance allows. The pontiff projected a vivid picture of a happiness that blossoms in the heart of he who discerns and treasures the quintessentials in life. He urged a prayer to the divine being for bestowing the priceless gifts of maturity, emotional and societal sagacity and indeed, temperance.